Coding Strategies - PRIMM

PRIMM is a research-based approach to teaching programming. It is made up of five stages: Predict, Run, Investigate, Modify, Make. Each stage is used in planning lessons and activities to support the learning of programming.

The five stages of PRIMM are:

• Predict: Students are given a working program and challenged to predict what the code will do. At this level, the focus is on what the code actually does.
• Run: Students run the program so that they can test their predictions and discuss their findings with their partner or the rest of the class. 
• Investigate: The teacher provides a range of scaffolded activities aimed to help the students to explore what each line of code does. Strategies can include tracing, commenting code, annotating, debugging, etc. 
• Modify: Students are challenged to modify the working program in order to change its functionality in some way. 
• Make: Students design a new program that is based on the given solution but which solves a new problem.

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